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6.7 ½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼ö


Á¤ÀÇ (½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼ö, hyperbolic functions)
`qquad` `sinh x = {e^x - e^{-x}}/2`
`qquad` `cosh x = {e^x + e^{-x}}/2`
`qquad` `tanh x = {sinh x}/{cosh x} = {e^x - e^{-x}}/{e^x + e^{-x}} = {e^{2x} - 1}/{e^{2x} + 1}`
`qquad` `sech x = {1}/{cosh x} = 2/{e^x + e^{-x}}`
`qquad` `csch x = {1}/{sinh x} = 2/{e^x - e^{-x}}`
`qquad` `coth x = 1/{tanh x} = {cosh x}/{sinh x} = {e^x + e^{-x}}/{e^x - e^{-x}} = {e^{2x} + 1}/{e^{2x} - 1}`




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Á¤¸® 6.21
  1. `sinh (-x) = - sinh x` `quad` Áï, `sinh` ÇÔ¼ö´Â ±âÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
  2. `cosh (-x) = cosh x` `quad` Áï, `cosh` ÇÔ¼ö´Â ¿ìÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
  3. `tanh (-x) = - tanh x` `quad` Áï, `tanh` ÇÔ¼ö´Â ±âÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
  4. `sech (-x) = sech x` `quad` Áï, `sech` ÇÔ¼ö´Â ¿ìÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
  5. `csch (-x) = - csch x` `quad` Áï, `csch` ÇÔ¼ö´Â ±âÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
  6. `coth (-x) = - coth x` `quad` Áï, `coth` ÇÔ¼ö´Â ±âÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `sinh (-x) \=\ {e^{-x} - e^x}/2 \=\ - {e^x - e^{-x}}/2 \=\ - sinh x`
  2. `cosh (-x) \=\ {e^{-x} + e^x}/2 \=\ {e^x + e^{-x}}/2 \=\ cosh x`
  3. `tanh (-x) \=\ {sinh (-x)}/{cosh (-x)} \=\ {- sinh x}/{cosh x} \=\ - {sinh x}/{cosh x} \=\ - tanh x`
  4. `sech (-x) \=\ 1/{cosh(-x)} \=\ 1/{cosh x} \=\ sech x`
  5. `csch (-x) \=\ 1/{sinh(-x)} \=\ 1/{- sinh x} \=\ - 1/{sinh x} \=\ - csch x`
  6. `coth (-x) \=\ 1/{tanh(-x)} \=\ 1/{- tanh x} \=\ - 1/{tanh x} \=\ - coth x`




Á¤¸® 6.22
  1. `cosh^2 x - sinh^2 x = 1`
  2. `1 - tanh^2 x = sech^2 x`
  3. `coth^2 x - 1 = csch^2 x`
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `cosh^2 x - sinh^2 x = ({e^x + e^{-x}}/2)^2 - ({e^x - e^{-x}}/2)^2`
    `mphantom{cosh^2 x - sinh^2 x} = {(e^x + e^{-x})^2}/4 - {(e^x - e^{-x})^2}/4`
    `mphantom{cosh^2 x - sinh^2 x} = {e^{2x} + 2 + e^{-2x}}/4 - {e^{2x} - 2 + e^{-2x}}/4`
    `mphantom{cosh^2 x - sinh^2 x} = 2/4 - {- 2}/4 \=\ 4/4 \=\ 1`

  2. (i) ÀÇ ¾çº¯À» `cosh^2 x` À¸·Î ³ª´«´Ù.

  3. (i) ÀÇ ¾çº¯À» `sinh^2 x` À¸·Î ³ª´«´Ù.




Á¤¸® 6.23
  1. `sinh (x +- y) = sinh x cosh y +- cosh x sinh y` (´Ü, ºÎÈ£´Â º¹È£µ¿¼ø)
  2. `cosh (x +- y) = cosh x cosh y +- sinh x sinh y` (´Ü, ºÎÈ£´Â º¹È£µ¿¼ø)
  3. `tanh (x +- y) = {tanh x +- tanh y}/{1 +- tanh x tanh y}` (´Ü, ºÎÈ£´Â º¹È£µ¿¼ø)
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y = {e^x - e^{-x}}/2 * {e^y + e^{-y}}/2 + {e^x + e^{-x}}/2 * {e^y - e^{-y}}/2`
    `mphantom{sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y} = {(e^x - e^{-x})(e^y + e^{-y})}/4 + {(e^x + e^{-x})(e^y - e^{-y})}/4`
    `mphantom{sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y} = {e^{x+y} + e^{x-y} - e^{-x+y} - e^{-x-y}}/4 + {e^{x+y} + e^{-x+y} - e^{x-y} - e^{-x-y}}/4`
    `mphantom{sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y} = {2e^{x+y} - 2e^{-x-y}}/4`
    `mphantom{sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y} = {e^{x+y} - e^{-x-y}}/2`
    `mphantom{sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y} = sinh (x + y)`

  2. `cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y = {e^x + e^{-x}}/2 * {e^y + e^{-y}}/2 + {e^x - e^{-x}}/2 * {e^y - e^{-y}}/2`
    `mphantom{cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y} = {(e^x + e^{-x})(e^y + e^{-y})}/4 + {(e^x - e^{-x})(e^y - e^{-y})}/4`
    `mphantom{cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y} = {e^{x+y} + e^{x-y} + e^{-x+y} + e^{-x-y}}/4 + {e^{x+y} - e^{-x+y} - e^{x-y} + e^{-x-y}}/4`
    `mphantom{cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y} = {2e^{x+y} + 2e^{-x-y}}/4`
    `mphantom{cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y} = {e^{x+y} + e^{-x-y}}/2`
    `mphantom{cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y} = cosh (x + y)`

  3. `tanh (x + y) = {sinh (x + y)}/{cosh (x + y)}`
    `mphantom{tanh (x + y)} = {sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y}/{cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y}`
    `mphantom{tanh (x + y)} = {{sinh x}/{cosh x} + {sinh y}/{cosh y}}/{1 + {sinh x}/{cosh x} * (sinh y}/{cosh y}}`
    `mphantom{tanh (x + y)} = {tanh x + tan y}/{1 + tanh x tanh y}`

º¹È£µ¿¼ø¿¡¼­ - ºÎÈ£ÀÎ °ÍÀÇ Áõ¸íÀº À§¿Í ºñ½ÁÇϹǷΠ°¢ÀÚ Áõ¸íÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.




Á¤¸® 6.24
  1. `sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x`
  2. `cosh 2x = cosh^2 x + sinh^2 x`
  3. `tanh 2x = {2 tanh x}/{1 + tanh^2 x}`
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `sinh 2x = sinh x cosh x + cosh x sinh x = 2 sinh x cosh x`

  2. `cosh 2x = cosh x cosh x + sinh x sinh x = cosh^2 x + sinh^2 x`

  3. `tanh 2x = {tanh x + tan x}/{1 + tanh x tanh x} = {2 tanh x}/{1 + tanh^2 x}`




Á¤¸® 6.25 (½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼öÀÇ µµÇÔ¼ö)
  1. `d/{dx} sinh x = cosh x`
  2. `d/{dx} cosh x = sinh x`
  3. `d/{dx} tanh x = sech^2 x`
  4. `d/{dx} sech x = - sech x tanh x`
  5. `d/{dx} csch x = - csch x coth x`
  6. `d/{dx} coth x = - csch^2 x`
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `d/{dx} sinh x = d/{dx} ({e^x - e^{-x}}/2) = {e^x + e^{-x}}/2 = cosh x`

  2. `d/{dx} cosh x = d/{dx} ({e^x + e^{-x}}/2) = {e^x - e^{-x}}/2 = sinh x`

  3. `d/{dx} tanh x = d/{dx} {sinh x}/{cosh x} = {cosh x cosh x - sinh x sinh x}/{cosh^2 x} = {cosh^2 x - sinh^2 x}/{cosh^2 x} = 1/{cosh^2 x} = sech^2 x`

(iv), (v), (vi) µµ (iii) ÀÇ Áõ¸í ó·³ ¸òÀÇ µµÇÔ¼ö °ø½Ä `d/{dx} ({f(x)}/{g(x)}) = {f'(x)g(x) - f(x)g'(x)}/{(g(x))^2}` À»
»ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Áõ¸íÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.




Á¤ÀÇ (¿ª½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼ö)
ÇÔ¼ö `sinh^{-1}, Cosh^{-1}, tanh^{-1}, Sech^{-1}, csch^{-1}, coth^{-1}` µéÀº °¢°¢
½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼ö `sinh, cosh, tanh, sech, csch, coth` µéÀÇ ¿ªÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
´Ü, `Cosh^{-1}` Àº Á¤ÀÇ¿ªÀÌ `[1, oo)`, Ä¡¿ªÀÌ `[0, oo)` ÀÎ ÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.
¶Ç `Sech^{-1}` Àº Á¤ÀÇ¿ªÀÌ `(0, 1]`, Ä¡¿ªÀÌ `[0, oo)` ÀÎ ÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù.






`y = sinh^{-1} x` ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ


`y = Cosh^{-1} x` ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ


`y = tanh^{-1} x` ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ








`y = Sech^{-1} x` ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ


`y = csch^{-1} x` ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ


`y = coth^{-1} x` ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ








Á¤¸® 6.26 (¿ª½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ `ln` ÇÔ¼ö·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ½Ä)
  1. `sinh^{-1} x = ln (x + sqrt{x^2 + 1})`
  2. `Cosh^{-1} x = ln (x + sqrt{x^2 - 1})` `quad` (´Ü, `x >= 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
  3. `tanh^{-1} x = 1/2 ln {1 + x}/{1 - x} = 1/2 ln {:|{1 + x}/{1 - x}|:} = 1/2 ln {:|{x + 1}/{x - 1}|:}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| < 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
  4. `coth^{-1} x = 1/2 ln {x + 1}/{x - 1} = 1/2 ln {:|{x + 1}/{x - 1}|:}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| > 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
  5. `Sech^{-1} x = ln {1 + sqrt{1 - x^2}}/x` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| < 1` À̰í `x != 0` ÀÏ ¶§)
  6. `csch^{-1} x = ln {1 + sqrt{1 + x^2}}/x` `quad` (´Ü, `x != 0` ÀÏ ¶§)
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `sinh^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù.
    ±×·¯¸é `x = sinh y = {e^y - e^{-y}}/2`
    `2x = e^y - e^{-y}`
    `e^y - 2x - e^{-y} = 0`
    `e^{2y} - 2x e^y - 1 = 0`
    `e^y = x +- sqrt{x^2 + 1}`
    `e^y > 0` À̹ǷΠ`e^y = x + sqrt{x^2 + 1}`
    `therefore y = ln(x + sqrt{x^2 + 1})`

  2. `Cosh^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y >= 0` À̰í `x >= 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = cosh y = {e^y + e^{-y}}/2`
    `2x = e^y + e^{-y}`
    `e^y - 2x + e^{-y} = 0`
    `e^{2y} - 2x e^y + 1 = 0`
    `e^y = x +- sqrt{x^2 - 1}`
    `e^y >= 1` À̹ǷΠ`e^y = x + sqrt{x^2 - 1}`
    `therefore y = ln(x + sqrt{x^2 - 1})` (´Ü, `x >= 1`)

  3. `tanh^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `|x| < 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = tanh y = {e^{2y} - 1}/{e^{2y} + 1}`
    `x(e^{2y} + 1) = e^{2y} - 1`
    `x + 1 = (1 - x)e^{2y}`
    `e^{2y} = {1 + x}/{1 - x}`
    `2y = ln {1 + x}/{1 - x}`
    `therefore y = 1/2 ln {1 + x}/{1 - x}` (´Ü, `|x| < 1`)

  4. `coth^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y != 0` À̰í `|x| > 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = coth y = {e^{2y} + 1}/{e^{2y} - 1}`
    `x(e^{2y} - 1) = e^{2y} + 1`
    `(x - 1)e^{2y} = x + 1`
    `e^{2y} = {x + 1}/{x - 1}`
    `2y = ln {x + 1}/{x - 1}`
    `therefore y = 1/2 ln {x + 1}/{x - 1}` (´Ü, `|x| > 1`)

  5. `Sech^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y > 0` À̰í `0 < |x| <= 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = sech y = 2/{e^y + e^{-y}}`
    `1/x = {e^y + e^{-y}}/2`
    `2/x = e^y + e^{-y}`
    `e^y - 2/x + e^{-y} = 0`
    `e^{2y} - 2/x e^y + 1 = 0`
    `e^y = 1/x +- sqrt{1/{x^2} - 1}`
    `e^y >= 1` À̹ǷΠ`e^y = 1/x + sqrt{1/{x^2} - 1}`
    `therefore y = ln(1/x + sqrt{1/{x^2} - 1}) = ln {1 + sqrt{1 - x^2}}/x` (´Ü, `0 < |x| <= 1`)

  6. `csch^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y != 0` À̰í `x != 0`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = csch y = 2/{e^y - e^{-y}}`
    `1/x = {e^y - e^{-y}}/2`
    `2/x = e^y - e^{-y}`
    `e^y - 2/x - e^{-y} = 0`
    `e^{2y} - 2/x e^y - 1 = 0`
    `e^y = 1/x +- sqrt{1/{x^2} + 1}`
    `e^y > 0` À̹ǷΠ`e^y = 1/x + sqrt{1/{x^2} + 1}`
    `therefore y = ln(1/x + sqrt{1/{x^2} + 1}) = ln {1 + sqrt{1 + x^2}}/x` (´Ü, `x != 0`)




Á¤¸® 6.27 (¿ª½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼öÀÇ µµÇÔ¼ö)
  1. `d/{dx} sinh^{-1} x = 1/sqrt{x^2 + 1}`
  2. `d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} x = 1/sqrt{x^2 - 1}` (´Ü, `x > 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
  3. `d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x = 1/{1 - x^2}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| < 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
  4. `d/{dx} Sech^{-1} x = - 1/{x sqrt{1 - x^2}}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| < 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
  5. `d/{dx} csch^{-1} x = - 1/{|x| sqrt{1 + x^2}}` (´Ü, `x != 0` ÀÏ ¶§)
  6. `d/{dx} coth^{-1} x = 1/{1 - x^2}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| > 1` ÀÏ ¶§)
(Áõ¸í)
  1. `sinh^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù.
    ±×·¯¸é `x = sinh y`
    `{dx}/{dy} = cosh y = sqrt{sinh^2 y + 1} = sqrt{x^2 + 1}` `quad` (`because cosh y > 0`)
    `therefore {dy}/{dx} = 1/{\ {dx}/{dy} \ } = 1/sqrt{x^2 + 1}`

  2. `Cosh^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y >= 0` À̰í `|x| >= 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = cosh y`
    `{dx}/{dy} = sinh y = +- sqrt{cosh^2 y - 1} = +- sqrt{x^2 - 1}`
    `y >= 0` À̹ǷΠ`sinh y >= 0` `quad therefore {dx}/{dy} = sinh y = sqrt{x^2 - 1}`
    `therefore {dy}/{dx} = 1/{\ {dx}/{dy} \ } = 1/sqrt{x^2 - 1}` (´Ü, `x > 1`)

  3. `tanh^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `|x| < 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = tanh y`
    `{dx}/{dy} = sech^2 y = 1 - tanh^2 y = 1 - x^2`
    `therefore {dy}/{dx} = 1/{\ {dx}/{dy} \ } = 1/{1 - x^2}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| < 1`)

  4. `Sech^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y >= 0` À̰í `0 < |x| <= 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = sech y`
    `{dx}/{dy} = - sech y tanh y = - sech y sqrt{1 - sech^2 y} = - x sqrt{1 - x^2}` `quad` (`y >= 0`)
    `therefore {dy}/{dx} = 1/{\ {dx}/{dy} \ } = - 1/{x sqrt{1 - x^2}}` `quad` (´Ü, `0 < |x| < 1`)

  5. `csch^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `y != 0`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = csch y`
    `y > 0` (Áï, `x > 0`) À̸é `qquad` `{dx}/{dy} = - csch y coth y = - csch y sqrt{csch^2 y + 1} = - x sqrt{x^2 + 1}`
    `y < 0` (Áï, `x < 0`) À̸é `qquad` `{dx}/{dy} = - csch y coth y = csch y sqrt{csch^2 y + 1} = x sqrt{x^2 + 1}`
    µû¶ó¼­ `{dx}/{dy} = ` `- |x|` `sqrt{x^2 + 1}` `quad` (`forall x != 0`)
    `therefore {dy}/{dx} = 1/{\ {dx}/{dy} \ } = - 1/{|x| sqrt{x^2 + 1}}` `quad` (´Ü, `x != 0`)

  6. `coth^{-1} x = y` ·Î ³õ´Â´Ù. (´Ü, `|x| > 1`)
    ±×·¯¸é `x = coth y`
    `{dx}/{dy} = - csch^2 y = - (coth^2 y - 1) = - (x^2 - 1) = 1 - x^2`
    `therefore {dy}/{dx} = 1/{\ {dx}/{dy} \ } = 1/{1 - x^2}` `quad` (´Ü, `|x| > 1`)

(´Ù¸¥ Áõ¸í)
  1. `sinh^{-1} x = ln (x + sqrt{x^2 + 1})`
    `therefore d/{dx} sinh^{-1} x = d/{dx} ln (x + sqrt{x^2 + 1})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} sinh^{-1} x} = 1/{x + sqrt{x^2 + 1}} * d/{dx} (x + sqrt{x^2 + 1})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} sinh^{-1} x} = 1/{x + sqrt{x^2 + 1}} * (1 + x/sqrt{x^2 + 1})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} sinh^{-1} x} = 1/{x + sqrt{x^2 + 1}} * {sqrt{x^2 + 1} + x}/sqrt{x^2 + 1}`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} sinh^{-1} x} = 1/sqrt{x^2 + 1}`

  2. `Cosh^{-1} x = ln (x + sqrt{x^2 - 1})`
    `therefore d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} x = d/{dx} ln (x + sqrt{x^2 - 1})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} x} = 1/{x + sqrt{x^2 - 1}} * d/{dx} (x + sqrt{x^2 - 1})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} x} = 1/{x + sqrt{x^2 - 1}} * (1 + x/sqrt{x^2 - 1})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} x} = 1/{x + sqrt{x^2 - 1}} * {sqrt{x^2 - 1} + x}/sqrt{x^2 - 1}`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} x} = 1/sqrt{x^2 - 1}`

  3. `tanh^{-1} x = 1/2 ln {1 + x}/{1 - x}`
    `therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x = 1/2 * d/{dx} ln {1 + x}/{1 - x}`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = 1/2 * 1/{\ {1 + x}/{1 - x} \ } * d/{dx} ({1 + x}/{1 - x})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = 1/2 * {1 - x}/{1 + x} * d/{dx} ({2 - (1 - x)}/{1 - x})`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = 1/2 * {1 - x}/{1 + x} * d/{dx} (2/{1 - x} - 1)`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = 1/2 * {1 - x}/{1 + x} * 2/{(1 - x)^2}`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = {1 - x}/{1 + x} * 1/{(1 - x)^2}`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = 1/{1 + x} * 1/{1 - x}`
    `mphantom{therefore d/{dx} tanh^{-1} x} = 1/{1 - x^2}`

(iv), (v), (vi) ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.



¿¹Á¦ 6.61
`d/{dx} tanh^{-1} (sin x)` ¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿©¶ó.
(Ç®ÀÌ)
`quad` `d/{dx} tanh^{-1} (sin x) = 1/{1 - sin^2 x} * d/{dx} sin x`
`quad` `mphantom{d/{dx} tanh^{-1} (sin x)} = 1/{cos^2 x} * cos x = 1/{cos x} = sec x`




¿¹Á¦ 6.62
`int_0^1 \ 1/sqrt{1 + x^2} \ dx` ¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿©¶ó.
(Ç®ÀÌ)
`quad` `int_0^1 \ 1/sqrt{1 + x^2} \ dx = [ sinh^{-1} x ]_0^1 = sinh^{-1} 1 - sinh^{-1} 0`
`quad` `mphantom{int_0^1 \ 1/sqrt{1 + x^2} \ dx} = sinh^{-1} 1 = ln (1 + sqrt{2})`




½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼ö¿Í ¿ª½Ö°î¼±ÇÔ¼öÀÇ µµÇÔ¼ö °ø½Ä°ú ÀûºÐ °ø½Ä
µµÇÔ¼ö °ø½Ä ÀûºÐ °ø½Ä
  1. `d/{dx} sinh u = cosh u * {du}/{dx}`
  2. `d/{dx} cosh u = sinh u * {du}/{dx}`
  3. `d/{dx} tanh u = sech^2 u * {du}/{dx}`
  4. `d/{dx} coth u = - csch^2 u * {du}/{dx}`
  5. `d/{dx} sech u = - sech u tanh u * {du}/{dx}`
  6. `d/{dx} csch u = - csch u coth u * {du}/{dx}`
  7. `d/{dx} sinh^{-1} u = 1/sqrt{u^2 + 1} * {du}/{dx}`
  8. `d/{dx} Cosh^{-1} u = 1/sqrt{u^2 - 1} * {du}/{dx}` `quad` (´Ü, `u > 1`)
  9. `d/{dx} tanh^{-1} u = 1/{1 - u^2} * {du}/{dx}` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| < 1`)
  10. `d/{dx} coth^{-1} u = 1/{1 - u^2} * {du}/{dx}` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| > 1`)
  11. `d/{dx} Sech^{-1} u = - 1/{u sqrt{1 - u^2}} * {du}/{dx}` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| < 1`)
  12. `d/{dx} csch^{-1} u = - 1/{{:|u|:} sqrt{1 + u^2}} * {du}/{dx}` `quad` (´Ü, `u != 0`)
  1. `int \ sinh u \ du = cosh u + C`
  2. `int \ cosh u \ du = sinh u + C`
  3. `int \ sech^2 u \ du = tanh u + C`
  4. `int \ csch^2 u \ du = - coth u + C`
  5. `int \ sech u tanh u \ du = - sech u + C`
  6. `int \ csch u coth u \ du = - csch u + C`
  7. `int \ 1/sqrt{u^2 + a^2} \ du = sinh^{-1} u/a + C
    (Âü°í 1) (Ã¥ÀÇ ºÎ·Ï ÀûºÐ°ø½Ä 25¹ø, 43¹ø)
    `qquad` `int \ 1/sqrt{u^2 +- a^2} \ du = ln |u + sqrt{u^2 +- a^2}| + C
    (Âü°í 2) »ï°¢Ä¡È¯ `u = a tan theta` ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ½.
  8. `int \ 1/sqrt{u^2 - a^2} \ du = Cosh^{-1} u/a + C` `quad` (´Ü, `u > a`) (Âü°í 1) (Ã¥ÀÇ ºÎ·Ï ÀûºÐ°ø½Ä 25¹ø, 43¹ø)
    `qquad` `int \ 1/sqrt{u^2 +- a^2} \ du = ln |u + sqrt{u^2 +- a^2}| + C
    (Âü°í 2) »ï°¢Ä¡È¯ `u = a sec theta` ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ½.
  9. `int \ 1/{a^2 - u^2} \ du = 1/a tanh^{-1} u/a + C` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| < a`)
    `int \ 1/{a^2 - u^2} \ du = 1/a coth^{-1} u/a + C` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| > a`)
    (Âü°í 1) (Ã¥ÀÇ ºÎ·Ï ÀûºÐ°ø½Ä 19¹ø)
    `qquad` `int \ 1/{a^2 - u^2} \ du = 1/{2a} ln |{u + a}/{u -a}|
    (Âü°í 2) ºÎºÐ ºÐ¼ö½Ä
    `qquad` `1/{a^2 - u^2} = - 1/{u^2 - a^2} = - 1/{2a} (1/{u-a} - 1/{u+a})`
    `quad` À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ½.
  10. `int \ 1/{u sqrt{a^2 - u^2}} \ du = - 1/a Sech^{-1} u/a + C` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| < a`)
    `int \ 1/{{:|u|:} sqrt{a^2 + u^2}} \ du = - 1/a csch^{-1} u/a + C` `quad` (´Ü, `|u| > a`)
    (Âü°í) (Ã¥ÀÇ ºÎ·Ï ÀûºÐ°ø½Ä 35¹ø)
    `qquad` `int \ 1/{u sqrt{a^2 - u^2}} \ du = - 1/a ln |{a + sqrt{a^2 - u^2}}/u| + C





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